Research News, January 2017 – Fraunhofer researchers have developed a process enabling the production of a two millimetre flat camera. Similar to the eyes of insects, its lens is partitioned into 135 tiny facets. Following nature‘s model, the researchers have named their mini-camera concept facetVISION. At the CES technical trade fair in Las Vegas, they will be presenting it from January 5 to 8, 2017 (LVCC Hall, South Hall 1, booth 20944).

The facetVISION camera can be industrially manufactured in mass production. Fraunhofer researchers have shown this in trial runs.

Just as the insects’ eyes, the Fraunhofer technology is composed of many small, uniform lenses. They are positioned close together, similar to the pieces of a mosaic. Each facet receives only a small section of its surroundings. The insect’s brain aggregates the many individual images of the facets to a whole picture. In the newly developed facetVISION camera, micro-lenses and aperture arrays take over these functions. Due to the offset of each lens to its associated aperture, each optical channel has an individual viewing direction and always depicts another area of the field of vision.

"With a camera thickness of only two millimetres, this technology, taken from nature’s model, will enable us to achieve a resolution of up to four megapixel", says Andreas Brückner, project manager at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF in Jena. "This is clearly a higher resolution compared to cameras in industrial applications – for example in robot technology or automobile production." This technology was developed together with scientists from the Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS in Erlangen and was funded by the Fraunhofer-Zukunftsstiftung.

Compound eye technology is also suitable for integration into smartphones: today, their mini camera lens is normally five millimetres thick in order to show a satisfactorily sharp image of the surroundings. The manufacturers of ultra-thin smarthones face the following challenge: since the camera is thicker than the smartphone housing, it sticks out of the smartphone’s back cover. The manufacturers call this the "camera-bump" – the unaesthetic "camera bulge". The camera lenses for smartphones are, however, not made on wafers, but in injection molded plastic. In this procedure, hot liquid plastic is poured into the mould in a similar way as batter into a waffle iron. Robots then assemble the finished lenses into the smartphone camera. "We would like to transfer the insect eye principle to this production technology", says Brückner. "For example, it will be possible to place several smaller lenses next to each other in the smartphone camera. The combination of facet effect and proven injection moulded lenses will enable resolutions of more than 10 megapixels in a camera requiring just a thickness of around three and a half millimetres."